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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

筑牢八千里边关钢铁防线******

　　“10年前，我们边境巡逻靠的是铁脚板，如今‘电子眼’沿线建设，信息化管边控边能力得到明显提升。党的二十大提出，加强国防动员和后备力量建设，推进现代边海空防建设。我认为，建设现代化边防需要现代化民兵……”初冬傍晚，滇西边陲，位于半山腰的中缅边境某联防所，民兵赵国峰和联防队员们围坐在篝火旁，讨论近年来边防发生的巨大变化，气氛热烈。

　　对于云南省军区官兵和民兵来说，守卫八千里边防线是莫大荣光，也是如山责任。近年来，广大官兵和民兵携手戍边，用热血书写忠诚，守卫边境安宁。

　　“如果我们连前方的小家都守护不了，那就更没法守护后面的大家了！”赵国峰是临沧市镇康县南伞镇30号卡点负责人，也是一名退役军人。去年4月入驻卡点后，他一直坚守在这里。镇康是一座岸城一体化“边地新城”，国境线长96.358公里。全县4个民兵执勤连在133个公路口、15条重要通（便）道等点位设置了150个卡点，24小时值守。赵国峰所在的30号卡点四面环山、沟壑纵横、地势险要，除了日常巡逻外，他们还在重点部位设卡设伏，有力地打击了走私和偷越边境行为。

　　相比30号卡点的艰险，11号卡点的防控任务复杂多元。由于地处县城附近，加之没有天然屏障，这里偷越边境现象突出，执勤民兵时刻准备与跨境犯罪分子斗智斗勇。卡点的负责人曹正荣告诉记者，正因为如此，虽然家就在不远处，民兵们都选择吃住在点位上，这几个月共抓获百余名偷渡人员。

　　“党的二十大提出，全面推进乡村振兴。现在云南沿边的25个边境县基础设施不断改善，878个抵边村从边陲一线变身发展前沿，200余万边民脱贫致富奔小康，许多人自觉加入戍边守防队伍中来。”云南省军区领导介绍。

　　“守边护哨必须强化全时备战状态。”在金平县金水河镇某民兵哨所，为了便于观察，民兵高海在申请并获得有关部门批准后，移走了挡住视线的一棵大树，并在二层阳台架起高倍望远镜，一天不落地将监测记录写进执勤日志。他说：“守边护防责任重大，要像守家护院那样在哨所扎根。”

　　作为英模民兵连队的传人，云南“筒裙民兵”几十年义务巡边近10万公里。在学习党的二十大精神时，大家谈道：“要发扬甘于奉献、爱边护边的精神，接力履行好戍边使命。”12月1日下午，在民兵班长陆子黎的带领下，5名女民兵再次踏上巡逻路，察看管辖的4块界碑。她们熟悉20多公里边境线上的一草一木。2年多，该民兵班为一线官兵提供了10余条重要的边情信息。

　　从繁华喧嚣的边贸口岸，到人迹罕至的原始森林；从白雪皑皑的高黎贡山，到烈日当空的热带雨林……行走边境一线，“镇守边关视死如归”这8个大字气势如虹。这是烙印在边境一线官兵和民兵心底的誓言。（柯穴）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）